/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description: 逆元
 * User: DELL
 * Date: 2024-05-08
 * Time: 14:26
 */
public class Main2 {
    static long M = 2146516019;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        long res = fastPow(1, M - 2);
        for (int i = 2; i <= 233333333; i++) {
            res ^= fastPow(i, M - 2);
        }
        System.out.println(res);
    }

    private static long fastPow(long num, long pow) {
        long res = 1;
        while (pow != 0) {
            if ((pow & 1) == 1) {
                res *= num;
                res %= M;
            }
            num *= num;
            num %= M;
            pow >>= 1;
        }
        return res;
    }
}
